Difference between UVA and UVB rays

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UVA vs UVB

UVA and UVB UVA and UVB are the UV (Ultra Violet rays) having very harmful effect in human body.Difference between UVA and UVB rays, their  characteristic and effect are the essential thing we should know,as these rays causes cancers in about more than a million persons around the world and more than 250,000 Americans each year.

UV(Ultra Violet) rays:-

UV radiation is part of the  light(electromagnetic spectrum) that reaches the earth from the sun. It has wavelengths shorter than visible light, making it invisible to the naked eye. These wavelengths are classified as UVA, UVB, or UVC.

UVA Rays :-

UVA having longest wavelength among the three UV rays  at 320–400 nanometres (nm, or billionths of a meter). UVA is further divided into two wave ranges, UVA I, which measures 340-400 nanometres (nm, or billionths of a meter), and UVA II which extends from 320–400 nanometres.

They are present with relatively equal intensity during all daylight hours throughout the year, and can penetrate clouds and glass.

 

UVB Rays:-

UVB wavelength ranges from 290 to 320 nm. UVB rays do not significantly penetrate glass.

With even shorter rays, most UVC is absorbed by the ozone layer and does not reach the earth.

 

Effect on human skin:-

UVA, which penetrates the skin more deeply than UVB, has long been known to play a major part in skin aging and wrinkling (photo aging), but until recently scientists believed it did not cause significant damage in areas of the epidermis (outermost skin layer) where most skin cancers occur.

UVA is the dominant tanning ray, and we now know that tanning, whether outdoors or in a salon, causes cumulative damage over time. A tan results from injury to the skin’s DNA; the skin darkens in an imperfect attempt to prevent further DNA damage. These imperfections, or mutations, can lead to skin cancer.

UVB, the chief cause of skin reddening and sunburn, tends to damage the skin’s more superficial epidermal layers. It plays a key role in the development of skin cancer and a contributory role in tanning and photo aging. Its intensity varies by season, location, and time of day.

The most significant amount of UVB hits the U.S. between 10 AM and 4 PM from April to October. However, UVB rays can burn and damage  skin year-round, especially at high altitudes and on reflective surfaces such as snow or ice, which bounce back up to 80 percent of the rays so that they hit the skin twice. UVB rays do not significantly penetrate glass.

Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and UV Radiation

sunscreen’s efficacy has been measured by its sun protection factor, or SPF. SPF is not an amount of protection per se. Rather, it indicates how long it will take for UVB rays to redden skin when using a sunscreen, compared to how long skin would take to redden without the product.someone using a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 will take 15 times longer to redden than without the sunscreen.

An SPF 15 sunscreen screens 93 percent of the sun’s UVB rays; SPF 30 protects against 97 percent; and SPF 50, 98 percent.

To make sure you’re getting effective UVA as well as UVB coverage, look for a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher, plus some combination of the following UVA-screening ingredients: stabilized a avobenzone , ecamsule ( Mexoryl™), oxybenzone, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide.

The phrases multi spectrum, broad spectrum or UVA/UVB protection on sunscreen labels, all indicate that some UVA protection is provided along with UVB.

Prevention Guidelines for protection :-

1)Seek the shade, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM.

2)Do not burn.

3)Avoid tanning and UV tanning booths.

4)Cover up with clothing, including a broad-brimmed hat and UV-blocking  sunglasses.

5)Use a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher every day.

6)Apply 1 ounce (2 tablespoons) of sunscreen to your entire body 30 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours, or immediately after swimming or excessive sweating.

7)Keep newborns out of the sun. Sunscreens should be used on babies over the age of six months.

 

Difference between UVA and UVB rays(UVA vs UVB) :-

1. UVA has a longer wavelength than UVB .

2. UVA has more penetrating power and penetrates glass while UVB does not penetrate glass.

3. UVA radiation penetrates the skin up to the dermis layer while UVB only reaches the epidermis.

4. UV radiation are harmful, UVB poses a higher risk factor than UVA because it causes direct DNA damage.

 

Reference:

http://www.skincancer.org/Understanding-UVA-and-UVB

Difference between handycam and camcorder

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Handycam vs camcorder

handycam and camcorder

Handycam and camcorder are the devices which are used in recording live motion video.Then what is the difference between handcamy and camcorder?

Camcorder:-
Word  camcorder is derived from two words  camera and recorder. A camcorder (camera recorder) is a portable electronic recording device capable of recording live-motion video and audio for later playback. Camcorders have three major components – a lens that gathers and focuses light, an imager that converts light into an electrical signal and a recorder that converts electrical signals into digital video and encodes them for storage.
Handycam:-
Handycam is also a camcorder.It as a condensed term for a handy camera.  the electronic manufacturing giant, Sony, created a handy video recording device, named HANDYCAM, in 1985. It was the smallest camcorder at that time which uses the Video8 (8mm) format which eventually developed to Hi-8.
The first camcorders recorded in one of two analog formats, VHS and Betamax formats. Recordings were stored on video tape cassettes and replayed with a video tape cassette recorder (VCR) hooked up to a monitor, typically a TV set. As technology improved, other formats such as S-VHS, 8mm, Hi-8, and digital video (DV) and high definition video (HDV) became available.
Nowadays, camcorders  records in digital format. The images that new camcorders record are stored digitally and it won’t lose quality or resolution when copied or reproduced as it was in analog  datacapturing.
Video tapes or films are no longer used; video information can also be transferred in different digital storage devices like memory cards, CDs, DVDs, and hard drive of computers.
In essence, the Sony brand Handycam is a small handheld camcorder. As time went by, small camcorders were customarily called handycams as the moniker stuck as a label for small camcorders. The smaller it gets, the more handycam it becomes.
Sony still continues to manufacture Handycam brands that ultimately evolved to digital formats. Due to the pioneering and popularity of the Sony brand, even other manufacturing companies that make handheld camcorders are often referred by many people as handycams.
Difference between handycam and camcorder(handycam vs camcorder):-
1. Camcorders are shortened term for camera recorders; a device that captures video and audio. Handycam is a trade name of a camcorder by Sony. It is  a shortened term for handy camera.
2. Camcorders is the correct term for camera recorder whereas handycam is the moniker stuck label for them

Difference between virus and spyware

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Virus vs spyware

Virus and spyware are the malicious programs or applications which infect computers around the world.Difference between virus and spyware lies in the difference of their behaviour.

Virus:-
Virus (or more preciously computer virus) are the malicious code which intentionally will enter into computers for destroying the system, files, and any programs that resides  in the computers. The virus will attach itself to files or boot sectors in order to replicate itself.The user is unaware of the problem and spreads the virus to others.
Spyware:-
Spyware are also the malicious code which that covertly gathers user information through the user’s Internet connection without his or her knowledge, usually for advertising purposes.the spyware monitors user activity on the Internet and transmits that information in the background to someone else.
computer viruses was created either as experiments or as practical jokes of computer geeks.but now days its a big business of wrong people.With the evolution of Internet, virus spread more rapidly.Viruses comes in many form like worms and Trojans and are spread to promote businesses by redirecting web pages, pop-up advertisements etc.There are many anti-virus program available in the market which prevent and cure viruses form computer.
Virus consume all the resource in terms of memory(RAM) and processor; they eventually makes the system crash.Virus sticks to boot program and replicate itself to infect all the files of the system as well as can also spread over the network.They can also through thumb drive,external carrier which can attach to a system through USB or any other medium.
 
Spyware steals information from the user and send  back to the spyware’s home base via the user’s Internet connection who will either use it for advertising/marketing purposes or sell the information to another party. Spyware have the ability to monitor keystrokes, scan files on the hard drive, snoop other applications, such as chat programs or word processors, install other spyware programs, read cookies, change the default home page on the Web browser etc.

Difference between virus and spyware(virus vs spyware):-
1. Virus have the sole purpose of destroying the resource of a computer whereas spyware sole purpose is only of stealing information from the user.
2. Viruses consume  system resource only where as spyware can also consume bandwidth of the Internet connection and can upload and download without user permission.
3.Virus was discovered long time back whereas spyware born with Internet evolution.
4.Viruses can destruct your  software and some time hardware also,whereas spyware steal your information and does not impact in your software and hardware.

Difference between EBITDA and cash flow

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Difference between EBITDA and cash flow

cashflow and EBIITDA
EBITDA and cash flow are the two measures for evaluating a companies financial performance.These terms are quite close to each other ,and at the same time  hugely different when place  in balance sheet of company.


EBITDA:-

EBITDA stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization.it is a measure of a company’s cash flow before certain deductions. It gives us idea about how much money a company is making before taxes, depreciation and amortization have been deducted.

EBITDA=Revenue – Expenses(excluding interest taxes,depreciation and amortization) 

Cash Flow:-

The amount of cash generated and used by a company in a given period. It is calculated by adding noncash charges (such as depreciation) to net income after taxes. Cash flow can be attributed to a specific project, or to a business as a whole.
EBITDA gives the investor an idea of how much money the company has made before its deductions. It is especially useful for a new company who has just started business and has not yet been hit with taxes, payments to creditors,etc,whereas  cash flow takes into account the all expenses and working capital while assessing the company’s financial position.
EBITDA gives good picture of newly established company only,the statement of a business’s cash flows is often used by analysts to gauge financial performance. Companies with ample cash on hand are able to invest the cash back into the business in order to generate more cash and profit.

Difference between EBITDA and Cash Flow (EBITDA vs Cash Flow):-

1.EBITDA is measure of operating income before the deduction of Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortisation.Cash flow is related to a broad measure of cash generated by any company or firm.
2.EBITDA cannot take working capital into account whereas Cash flow takes working capital  as well while assessing the company’s financial position.
3. While cash flows can detect signs of poor financial management, EBITDA will not detect such warning signs.
4.EBDITA is good measure for newly establish company whereas cash flow is good measure of established company .
5. Cash flow is better than EBITDA in determining the overall health of a company or a firm.

Difference between Ivory and Bone

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Difference between Ivory and Bone
Ivory and bone are  seems like same as both are part of body of animal.Ivory is used in jewellery  etc where as we can not use bone as bone does not give good finish.Lets see more difference between Ivory and Bone.

Ivory:-

Ivory is formed from dentine and constitutes the bulk of the teeth and tusks of animals such as the elephant, hippopotamus, walrus, mammoth and narwhal. The most popular ivory is the tusk of the elephants. The teeth of seals also are considered as good ivory.

Bone:-

Bones are rigid organs that form part of the skeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone will always have minute pores on the surface and these pores appear as black or brown. The pores are the result of the minute blood vessels which once ran through these bones. These may not be visible to the naked eye.
Ivory,have lines on the material instead of pores. The lines can be cross hatched or even in circular rings.Ivory is dense and have good finish.
The ivory obtained from the Asiatic elephants are much white denser and whiter than the African elephant tusks. The Asiatic ivory is much softer and hence carvings can be made intricately on these.

Fake Ivory:-

Fake ivory will have bone or powdered ivory on it. The hot pin test can be used to identify fake and synthetic ivory.
In this test, a person will heat a pin to red hot and try to pierce it into the ivory. If it is not real, the pin will pierce through the ivory. Using this simple test you can identify real ivory.
Ivory is harder than bone and hence it is not that easy to make a scratch on a piece of ivory as you can make on bone. It is easy to glue broken ivory because of the smooth and shiny texture.

Difference between Ivory and bone(Ivory vs bone):-

1.Ivory comes from the teeth and tusks of mammals while bones are the components of the skeletal systems.
2.Ivory can be used for jewelleries and many artistic item whereas bone cannot.
3.Bones have minute pores whereas Ivory has lines or circular rings.
4.Bones are very dry and coarse textured. Ivory is smooth and has a shiny texture.
5.Ivory is harder and cannot be broken easily where as bone are porous and can be broken.

difference between ox and buffalo

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Difference between Ox and Buffalo

Difference between Ox and buffalo can be observed by looking at them but there are some other fact which make them more different form each other.Some  people even think that both the terms ox and buffalo refer to the same animal.

Buffalo:-

The buffalo   is a large bovine(cattle) animal, frequently used as livestock in Asia, and also widely in South America, southern Europe, north Africa.

Ox:-

An ox is a bovine(cattle) animal trained as a draft animal. Oxen are commonly adult, castrated male cattle,.
.
Buffaloes are useful as they  are used in the traditional methods of agriculture, as dairy animals, and even for its meat. The dung of the buffalo is a good fertilizer and when dried, it can be used as a fuel in households in India(Asia).Now Bio gas is also obtained for dung which help to fulfill energy need of rural area.
Oxen are also useful as they  are trained as draft animals and used for threshing grains, powering machines which grind grain, and in other irrigational purposes.
Oxen are used to pull cart in villages so they are medium of transport , carrier etc.
The buffaloes can range from 400 to 900 kg in weight and the females are bigger than the males. The horns of the different varieties of buffaloes are different. River buffaloes have long curled horns while swamp buffaloes have gentle curved horns. Oxen are often lighter in shades than the buffaloes. According to the survey conducted by UNFO, 97% of the world’s buffalo population was in Asia.
Oxen are friendlier towards humans and are easier to train than the buffaloes. These animals require grass, water, and shade throughout the year and hence they are found very often in areas where there is an annual rainfall of more than 300 mm and the grassy savanna lands.

Difference between ox and buffalo(ox and buffalo):-

1.Buffaloes are bigger whereas Oxen are smaller than buffaloes.
2.Oxen are males(cows) and are often castrated. Buffaloes also are males but are not castrated.
3.Oxen are friendlier to human beings and they are easy to train. Buffaloes are not that friendly and easy to train.
4.Oxen are often used to do lighter works like pulling carts and irrigational purposes. Buffaloes are used majorly for the heavy works like agriculture and pulling logs.

Difference between Rock and classical

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Difference between rock and classical
Rock and classical music are the two kind of music which are very difference each other.Rock music has have heavy beats where as classical music has very soft notes.Difference between Rock and classical music doesn’t end here.We are going to explore more about them.

Rock Music:-

Rock music is a genre of popular music that entered the mainstream in the 1960s. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s.The sound of rock often revolves around the guitar back beat laid down by a rhythm section of electric bass guitar, drums, and keyboard instruments such as organ, piano, or, since the 1970s. In its purest form, it has three chords, a strong, insistent back beat, and a catchy melody.

Classical Music:-

Classical music is the art music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the 9th century to present times. This music included opera, chamber music, choral pieces, and music requiring a full orchestra.

Origin and timeline:-Rock Music:-

1960  – folk rock, blues-rock  and jazz-rock fusion.
1970 – soft rock, glam rock, heavy metal, hard rock, progressive rock, and punk rock.
1980- new wave, hardcore punk and alternative rock.
1990- grunge, Britpop,indie rock, and nu metal.

Classical music:-

Before 1400 – Medieval – characterized by Gregorian chant, mostly religious
1400-1600 – Renaissance – increase of secular music, madrigals, and art song
1600-1750 – Baroque – known for its intricate ornamentation
1750-1820 – Classical – balance and structure
1820-1900 – Romantic – emotional, large, programmatic
Beyond 1900 – 20th Century – limitless
The influence of rock music is far-reaching, and has had significant impact worldwide on fashion and film styles.Whereas classical spread form film to prayers.
One of the main differences between rock and classical music is that rock does not have that much uniqueness, depth, sense, order and music richness. Rock, across most or all of its subgenres carries 3 chords that are constantly being repeated over and over again. With this, one can not find that much depth and even meaning to the sound of rock.Whereas classic is limit less and its influence now also spreading over rock.

Difference between Rock and Classical(Rock vs classical):-

1.Classical music is more deep, possesses great sense, orderly and has a richer sound  whereas rock music has only chords.
2.Rock music is modern whereas classical music originated in 9th centaury.
2.Classical music is more complex than rock music.
4 Rock music is spreading its scope but Classical music is established and broader in scope.

Difference between communism and liberalism

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Difference between Communism and liberalism
Difference between Communism and liberalism lies in socio-economically  ideology.One believes in equality of community other believes in personal freedom.Lets see more about those difference which make them stand opposite to each other.

Communism:-

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of  equal, classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general.Karl Marx put firmly  that communism would be the final stage in human society.

Liberalism:-

Liberalism  is the ideology which belief  in the importance of individual freedom. This belief is widely accepted today throughout the world, and was recognized as an important value by many philosophers throughout history.

Social view:-

In communism, power is equally shared by everyone. But in Liberalism there is no power sharing but every one considers being free from the other. While Communism gives priority to the welfare of a society, liberalism gives priority to the rights of an individual.

Economic view:-

Economic liberalism had resulted in a vast concentration of wealth, with the majority of mankind living in a state of poverty. The economic world was shaken by a series of depressions. Freedom, which in the past had been threatened by autocratic governments, was now threatened by the despotism of the rich. Communism attempts to offer an alternative to the problems with the capitalist market economy and the legacy of imperialism and nationalism.
The dominant forms of communism, such as Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism and Trotskyism are based on Marxism, but non-Marxist versions of communism (such as Christian communism and anarchic-communism) also exist.
Countries follow communism are  China, Cuba, North Korea, Laos, and Vietnam. Where as liberalism followed by almost other countries.
Difference between Communism and Liberalism(Communism vs Liberalism):-
1)Communism  stands for equality of all. whereas Liberalism believes an individual is free from all interferences and restrictions.
2)communism emphasis that power is equally shared by everyone. Whereas  Liberalism have no power sharing but every one considers being free from the other.
3)Communism believes in a class less and state less society whereas liberalism have government which is elected by people.
4)communism is followed by china, Cuba, North Korea, Laos, and Vietnam whereas liberalism followed by almost rest of world.

Difference between egotist and egoist

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Difference between egotist and egoist
Egoist and egotist are the two word which hare derived form word ‘Ego’ which means ‘I ‘.Both of these word are negative and used for a self centred person ,but there are many difference between egotist and egoist.Let’s look into them.

Egotist:-
An egotist is a person who is interested in ‘I’ and keeps on talking about himself only. He always tries that all the conversation revolves around him.
Egoist:-
On the other hand an egoist believes that he is above all and so marvellous than every other person.
An egoist can be termed as a selfish person and an egotist as a self-centred person.
While an egotist talks only about himself and may talk a lot, an egoist is a person who may not talk much about himself but thinks he is excellent than anybody else.
An egotist is more cunning than an egoist. Unlike an egoist, an egotist will try to get what he wants by any crooked ways. No matter, be it straight or some devious way, which maters to an egotist but it is the achievement. In any way he will achieve what he has in mind.
An egotist can be said to be a boaster, just going around boasting of himself even if it does bring him problems.
An egoist is one who is not a boaster. An egoist may even talk less if he thinks it is going to adversely affect him. An egotist is one does not think of the consequences but an egoist evaluates the pros and cons of all actions.
Difference between egotist and egoist(egotist and egoist):-
1. A egoist can be termed as a selfish person and an egotist as a self-centred person.
2. An egotist is a person who is interested in ‘I’ and keeps on talking about himself only. An egoist believes that he is above all and better  than every other person.
3. An egotist will try to get what he wants by any crooked ways.
4. 5. An egoist is a person who cannot be called as mere boaster like the egotist.