Category Archives: professional

Difference between college and university

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university-college Difference between college and university lies in the governance and functioning,college and university both are related to education but their function and role are different.Lets discuss about them in detail.

College:-
The institution which teaches many courses and subjects to students. These are the institution which are responsible of education to their fellow(student).They regulate all the important task to regulate all the educational activities.
University:-
University are the regulatory which can look after the colleges which are under the University  as well as plan for the course offering and all other  regulating activity. University offer degrees to the student who are in the affiliated colleges.

The difference between a college and a university is that generally a college offers set of degrees in one specific area whereas a university has a collection of colleges.
For instance when someone goes to a university he/she will graduate from one of their colleges such as Business College or Engineering College. Most of the time, universities are well known and they are larger than colleges.

The difference between both college and university varies a little throughout the world.

In India-A university can grant degrees, whereas colleges can only grant certificates or diplomas, not degree. Universities are considered to be more prestigious and more expensive. They offer higher courses after Bachelor’s Degree like Master’s Degrees, Doctorate Degree, and Post Doctorate Degree. Colleges are small and more focused to students. Colleges are affiliated to a University.
There is one more term in India is Deemed University. These are the colleges which can by them self act as University and they can offer different courses and provide degree.
Important thing is every university should be affiliated by UGC.(University Grants Commission).
UGC got the status of statutory body of the Indian Government through an act of Parliament in November 1956. The UGC since then has been coordinating, determining and maintaining standards of university education and teaching in the country
In USA, universities are larger and have many colleges within them.
In UK- a university can provides degree, colleges usually depends on a fully-fledged university validating its degrees. Sometimes colleges do not even provide degree level education at all.
Mostly, community colleges are very different from universities they cannot offer a 4 year degree such as B.A. or B.Sc. They can offer trade and technical certifications and training.
Australia- universities and colleges in Australia are similar to India. Universities offer degrees, but Colleges only offer Diplomas and Certificates
Difference between a college and a university (College vs university):-
1)University are big educational bodies where as colleges are institutions.
2)Universities offer many degree and courses , where as colleges offer courses of the university which they are affiliated.
3)University takes care of courses and offering , colleges takes care of educational activities.


Difference between Photoshop and Photoshop elements

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Difference between Photoshop and Photoshop elements

Photoshop-cs4
Adobe released  Photoshop which is one of the best imaging tool in the market.Photoshop also release Photoshop element which brings the debate about there functionality.Lets’ find the difference between Photoshop and Photoshop element.

Photoshop:-

Adobe Photoshop, or simply Photoshop, is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems. It is the current market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation software .

Photoshop elements:-

Originally introduced alongside Photoshop version 7,Adobe Photoshop Elements is the consumer version of the Adobe Photoshop , targeted at hobbyist group of users and hence sold at a fraction (roughly 1/6th) of the cost of the professional product.
It contains most of the features of the professional version but with fewer and simpler options. The program allows users to create, edit, organize and share images, all from the same product.

Releases of Photoshop:

0.63(first release).1.0,2.0,2.5(first windows release),3.0,4.0,5.0,5.5,6.0,7.0.1,CS(8.0),CS2(9.0),CS3 and CS3 extended(10.0), CS4 and CS4 extended(11.0).
Photoshop was first released for Macintosh only and windows release starts from Photoshop 2.5.Now releases are termed as CS(creative suite).In the series they were named as CS1,CS2,CS3,Cs4.

Release of Photoshop elements:
Photoshop elements 1.0, 2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0.

Photoshop Elements is geared towards everyday people who do not really need or understand the advanced features of Photoshop, Adobe included some features that make it easier for the general public to use on their everyday photos. Tools like automatic red-eye removal and the cookie cutter takes out the complexity of image editing and simply gets the job that the user wants done.
Another great thing that user loves about Photoshop is the great number of plug-ins that can be downloaded and used with it to improve or automate its features. Photoshop Elements is also capable of using these plug-ins. Some users take advantage of this fact by employing plug-ins that replicate the features that are not available in Photoshop elements

Difference between Photoshop and Photoshop elements(Photoshop vs Photoshop elements):

1)Photoshop elements  is the scale down release of Photoshop.
2)Photoshop elements is 1/6 th of the price of Photoshop professional.
3) Photoshop elements has some tools  that are not available in Photoshop like cookie cutter tool and automatic red eye removal.
4)Difference lies in scaled down  functionality of Photoshop elements  .Below are the some of the functionality which are missing in Photoshop elements:
Missing feature purpose
Color Balance color adjustment
Curves tonal and color corrections
Channels palette color adjustment
CMYK colors pre-print image processing
Transform selection selections
Quick masks selections
Layer groups manipulation, design
Some Layer Style functions manipulation, design
Layer masks retouching, manipulation
Smart objects non-destructive transformations
Smart filters non-destructive filtering
Pen tools design
Vector masks design
Paths design
Actions palette automating work
Some Web components web graphics


Difference between Income Tax and TDS?

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TAx and TDS
Tax vs TDS
Every country and state has their own expenditure on defense, development, construction, salaries of government employees and other plans which are important for growth of nation and states. For this country impose tax on the individual, firms, corporate house, import and export etc.

Income Tax
Income is the tax imposed on the individual ,a firm or a corporate house when income of the individual or the business entity exceeds a particular basic limit exempted by income tax law of the country.
Income tax is calculated on the basis of annual income of the concerned individual or business enterprise.

TDS(Tax deduction at source)

Case 1:
However, although income tax is calculated on annual income basis, the tax is deducted at source periodically over the accounting year for which income tax is payable. In case of salary payable to an employee, the employer has the duty to deduct income tax from the salary every month.
Case 2:
In case of distribution of prizes of lottery and gambling, a certain percentage of such winning is deducted at source from the amount payable to such winner. There are scores of other individuals whose income is taxed at source by the person making payment to such individuals.
It might possible salaried person does not have annual salary some which fall under the tax and he does not pay TDS, but if he has some other source of income and summation of salary and other income exceed exemption limit then he has to pay income tax at the end of year, however he need not to give any TDS.

Difference between income tax and TDS (income tax and TDS):-
1. While Income tax is calculated on the annual income and is a definite amount, the TDS is a sort of tax deducted periodically in anticipation of a deemed annual income, the sum total of such periodic deduction is supposed to be equal or near equal to the actual income tax calculated at the end of the accounting year.
2. Whereas Income tax is a person’s total annual tax liability, the TDS represents a fraction of his total annual tax liability.
3. A person may not have to pay tax at source, but may have to pay income tax at the end of the year in certain cases. For example, if an individual has income from salary as well as income from house property. Tax may not be deducted from his income from salary if it is below taxable limit. But if his total income, including the income from house property, exceeds the exemption limit, he will have to pay tax on his annual taxable income in one lump sum at the end of the year.
4. Similarly, an individual may not have taxable income, but still may have to pay TDS. One case in example is income from dividends or income from bank interests. Such dividend or interest income is taxed at source. But on yearly basis he may not have taxable income. So he is eligible to get income tax refund after submitting annual return and claiming refund of such TDS amount.


Difference between EBITDA and cash flow

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Difference between EBITDA and cash flow

cashflow and EBIITDA
EBITDA and cash flow are the two measures for evaluating a companies financial performance.These terms are quite close to each other ,and at the same time  hugely different when place  in balance sheet of company.


EBITDA:-

EBITDA stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization.it is a measure of a company’s cash flow before certain deductions. It gives us idea about how much money a company is making before taxes, depreciation and amortization have been deducted.

EBITDA=Revenue – Expenses(excluding interest taxes,depreciation and amortization) 

Cash Flow:-

The amount of cash generated and used by a company in a given period. It is calculated by adding noncash charges (such as depreciation) to net income after taxes. Cash flow can be attributed to a specific project, or to a business as a whole.
EBITDA gives the investor an idea of how much money the company has made before its deductions. It is especially useful for a new company who has just started business and has not yet been hit with taxes, payments to creditors,etc,whereas  cash flow takes into account the all expenses and working capital while assessing the company’s financial position.
EBITDA gives good picture of newly established company only,the statement of a business’s cash flows is often used by analysts to gauge financial performance. Companies with ample cash on hand are able to invest the cash back into the business in order to generate more cash and profit.

Difference between EBITDA and Cash Flow (EBITDA vs Cash Flow):-

1.EBITDA is measure of operating income before the deduction of Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortisation.Cash flow is related to a broad measure of cash generated by any company or firm.
2.EBITDA cannot take working capital into account whereas Cash flow takes working capital  as well while assessing the company’s financial position.
3. While cash flows can detect signs of poor financial management, EBITDA will not detect such warning signs.
4.EBDITA is good measure for newly establish company whereas cash flow is good measure of established company .
5. Cash flow is better than EBITDA in determining the overall health of a company or a firm.

Difference between Rock and classical

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Difference between rock and classical
Rock and classical music are the two kind of music which are very difference each other.Rock music has have heavy beats where as classical music has very soft notes.Difference between Rock and classical music doesn’t end here.We are going to explore more about them.

Rock Music:-

Rock music is a genre of popular music that entered the mainstream in the 1960s. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s.The sound of rock often revolves around the guitar back beat laid down by a rhythm section of electric bass guitar, drums, and keyboard instruments such as organ, piano, or, since the 1970s. In its purest form, it has three chords, a strong, insistent back beat, and a catchy melody.

Classical Music:-

Classical music is the art music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the 9th century to present times. This music included opera, chamber music, choral pieces, and music requiring a full orchestra.

Origin and timeline:-Rock Music:-

1960  – folk rock, blues-rock  and jazz-rock fusion.
1970 – soft rock, glam rock, heavy metal, hard rock, progressive rock, and punk rock.
1980- new wave, hardcore punk and alternative rock.
1990- grunge, Britpop,indie rock, and nu metal.

Classical music:-

Before 1400 – Medieval – characterized by Gregorian chant, mostly religious
1400-1600 – Renaissance – increase of secular music, madrigals, and art song
1600-1750 – Baroque – known for its intricate ornamentation
1750-1820 – Classical – balance and structure
1820-1900 – Romantic – emotional, large, programmatic
Beyond 1900 – 20th Century – limitless
The influence of rock music is far-reaching, and has had significant impact worldwide on fashion and film styles.Whereas classical spread form film to prayers.
One of the main differences between rock and classical music is that rock does not have that much uniqueness, depth, sense, order and music richness. Rock, across most or all of its subgenres carries 3 chords that are constantly being repeated over and over again. With this, one can not find that much depth and even meaning to the sound of rock.Whereas classic is limit less and its influence now also spreading over rock.

Difference between Rock and Classical(Rock vs classical):-

1.Classical music is more deep, possesses great sense, orderly and has a richer sound  whereas rock music has only chords.
2.Rock music is modern whereas classical music originated in 9th centaury.
2.Classical music is more complex than rock music.
4 Rock music is spreading its scope but Classical music is established and broader in scope.

Difference between share and stock

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Difference between stock and share

Difference between stock and share is very minute and depend upon the reference on which those terms are going to use.Both stock and share are related to financial market.Lets throw some light on this issue.

Share:-

Ownership of certificates in a particular company is referred to as “shares,” or “owning shares.” Ownership of shares makes you a shareholder in that particular company.
Stock:-
Ownership of certificates in multiple companies is referred to as “stocks.” Ownership of stocks makes you not only a stockholder, but a shareholder for each particular company as well.

Both these terms are used  to represents part ownership of a company.Anyone who holds a stock of say, Reliance, can claim that he has a stake in the company and has a proportional share in the company’s assets and profits. The reason why we use the word proportional is because the level of ownership depends not only on the number of shares a person holds but also on the total number of shares that have been issued.

Types of stocks:-

Common Stock:-
Holders of common stock are usually entitled to vote at the company shareholder meetings and receive dividends that have been declared.
Preferred Stock:-
Holders of preferred stock do not usually have voting rights. However, they do have a higher claim on the company earnings and assets than common stock holders do.
Another view of this concept:-
A Stock is the ‘financial instrument’ that is, stock is a generic term for a portion of the ownership of a company.
A Share indicates the number of portions of ownership.

Difference between Stock and Share(share vs stock):-
1)Shares refers for particular company whereas  stock refers for many copanies.
2)Second view is,a Stock is the ‘financial instrument’ that is, stock is a generic term for a portion of the ownership of a company.A Share indicates the number of portions of ownership.

Difference between BSE and NSE

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Difference between NSE and BSE
The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange of India Ltd (NSE) are the two primary exchanges in India. In addition, there are 22 Regional Stock Exchanges. However, the BSE and NSE have established themselves as the two leading exchanges and account for about 80 per cent of the equity volume traded in India.
Let’s discuss more about the difference between NSE and BSE.
BSE:-
Bombay Stock Exchange Limited is the oldest stock exchange in Asia with a rich heritage. Popularly known as “BSE”, it was established as “The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association” in 1875. It was the first stock exchange in the country to obtain permanent recognition in 1956 from the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956
NSE:-
The National Stock Exchange of India was promoted by leading financial institutions at the behest of the Government of India, and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company. In April 1993, it was recognized as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956.
Some figure and facts:-
Both are the stock exchange recognized by SEBI(Securities and Exchange Board of India).
The NSE and BSE are equal in size in terms of daily traded volume. The average daily turnover at the exchanges has increased from Rs 851 crore in 1997-98 to Rs 1,284 crore in 1998-99 and further to Rs 2,273 crore in 1999-2000 (April – August 1999). NSE has around 1500 shares listed with a total market capitalization of around Rs 9,21,500 crore (Rs 9215-bln). The BSE has over 6000 stocks listed and has a market capitalization of around Rs 9,68,000 crore (Rs 9680-bln). Most key stocks are traded on both the exchanges and hence the investor could buy them on either exchange.
Anyone can deal in securities by any of the exchange. A person need to open a demat account to buy and sell securities in any of the exchange.
Indexes :-
SENSEX(Sensitive index):- 
This index is comprised of 30 of the largest and most actively-traded stocks on the BSE.
Other index in BSE are;BSE 500, BSE 100, BSE 200, BSE PSU, BSE MIDCAP, BSE SMLCAP, BSE BANKEX, BSE Teck, BSE Auto, BSE Pharma, BSE Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), BSE Consumer Durables (SYMBOL: Cons Dura), BSE Metal. 
The BSE Sensex is the older and more widely followed index.
NIFTY(NATIONAL FIFTY):- 
This index is comprised of 50 of the largest and most actively-traded stocks on the BSE.
NSE also set up as index services firm known as India Index Services & Products Limited (IISL) and has launched several stock indices, including: S&P CNX Nifty, CNX Nifty Junior, CNX 100 (= S&P CNX Nifty + CNX Nifty Junior), S&P CNX 500 (= CNX 100 + 400 major players across 72 industries), CNX Midcap (introduced on 18 July 2005 replacing CNX Midcap 200). 
Why NSE when BSE was already in place?
The main objective behind NSE is to establish trading facility nationwide for all types of securities. It also ensures equal access to all investors in the country through the process of an appropriate telecommunication network(VSAT). NSE was able to achieve its objectives within a very short span of time. NSE has national reach to major market segments like equity or capital markets, futures and options or derivatives market, wholesale debt market, mutual funds, initial public offerings and so on.
Now both the exchanges have switched over from the open outcry trading system to a fully automated computerized mode of trading known as BOLT (BSE On Line Trading) and NEAT (National Exchange Automated Trading) System. It facilitates more efficient processing, automatic order matching, faster execution of trades and transparency.
Difference between BSE and NSE(BSE vs NSE):-
1)Both are stock exchange of India.
2)NSE has around 1500 shares listed whereas the BSE has over 6000 stocks listed.
3)NSE has capitalization of around Rs 9,21,500 crore (Rs 9215-bln). The BSE has  market capitalization of around Rs 9,68,000 crore (Rs 9680-bln).
4)NSE index is caleed as NIFTY whereas BSE index is SENSEX.
5)NSE has 50 companies for NIFTY whereas BSE has 30 companies for SENSEX.

difference between gross and net

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Difference between gross and net is some what tricky, both are  related to many field from salary to income to weight. These are two terms which are closely related and more of the time puzzles us .Lets discuss them and clear our understanding.


Gross:-
The term gross refers to the total amount made as a result of some activity. It can refer to things such as total profit or total sales. IT is also refer to total quantity or weight of a product.
Net:-
Net  refers to the amount left over after all deductions are made. Once the nett value is attained, nothing further is subtracted. The net value is not allowed to be made lower.
Net weight is also always less then gross weight.

Difference between Gross and net in different field are given below:-

Difference between gross  and net salary(pay):-
1)Gross Pay  is the headline wage rate.
2)Net Pay  will be your take home pay after income tax and national insurance contributions have been deducted. Other deductions could include union subs and professional indemnity.

Difference between gross and net income(for company):-
1)The total income before business and tax deductions are accounted for  in a company. It can also be termed as ,a company’s revenue minus cost of goods sold. Also called “gross margin” and “gross profit”.
2)Total revenue in an accounting period minus all expenses during the same period. If income taxes are not deducted, it is called operating profit (or Loss, as the case may be). Also called earnings, net earnings, or net profit.
Difference Between Gross Interest Rates and Net Interest Rates:-
1)Gross interest rate is the headline interest advertised by a bank.
2)Net interest rate is the effective interest rate after tax is deducted from the gross rate. It is the rate that will be credited into your account.TDS(Tax deducted at source) is now a days applicable around the world.

Difference Between Gross and  Net in a nation’s economics
1)Gross means before deductions , e.g. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time (usually a calendar year).
2)Net Domestic Product (NDP) refers to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) minus depreciation on a country’s Capital (economics) goods. (The NDP is thus, in effect, an estimate of how much the country has to spend to maintain the current GDP.)

Differences between Gross and Net (weight or quantity) in products:-

1)Gross Weight(or quantity) refers to the total weight of the goods + the container and packaging.
2) Net weight(or quantity) refers to only the weight of the goods in container.

difference between marketing and sales

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Sales and marketing are the two term of business world. They seem to be same as both sales and marketing are more or less related to selling item and generating revenue. Difference between sales and marketing is very slight, as one links to personnel relation to the client and other is related to strategic planning and promotion of business.

Let’s see the difference between sales and marketing in depth and get clear understanding about these two very important aspects of business.

Marketing:-
Marketing is the activity which is carried by the organization to get the customer and find out what product and service customer wants; defining the quality and pricing. Most important the promotion of the product is carried out by marketing department.
Sales:-
Sales  is the activity related to public reach of the brand in ground level and generates the revenue by selling the product which companies already have. Sales has always a monetary target to reach. Most important, the Customer feedback is not part of sales.
Marketing consist of many thing like market research, brand building, product promotion, customer database management etc. Good marketing gives the company a better position against its competitors. Marketing is also has in-depth functionality like for market research there are many tools which help to increase quality of the product. Brand building also consist of many strategies like advertising, CEO meets etc. Customer database management also is part of marketing strategy.
Sales is different from Marketing sales is about the outreach, public relation, generating network of sales counter etc. Sales is about availability of product, better service, better dealer contact. Sales  is about generating revenue from selling the item to a particular place. That is why sales team focuses on geographical distribution of sales activity. Sales is about numbers (in monetary sense).
Difference between Sales and marketing(marketing vs sales):-

1)      Marketing is related to brand building, promotion,quality crating trust for the product, whereas sales is related to outreach of item to the customer.
2)      Sales is about creating the product by customer feedback and interaction, whereas sales is about selling already existing product.
3)      Marketing  is about creating the mind  for the product, whereas sales is about delivering the product and giving the service.
4)      Marketing is about market research, whereas sales is about service and availability of product.

difference between oil and grease

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Oil vs Grease
Oil and grease are the lubricant which are used in each and every moving thing whether it is your body or body part of spaceship, the difference is the composition of oil for different use. Lets inspect about the difference between these two hydrocarbon which spread all over  the world to reduce friction and make us move.


Oil:-
Oils have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are non polar substances .Oil are of many type depends on the source of extraction . Oils are the mixture of hydrocarbon usually heavier hydrocarbon example- vegetable oils, petrochemical oils, and volatile essential oils.
Grease:-
A lubricating grease is usually a mixture of 85 to 90 percent mineral oil or synthetic oil together with a thickener. In a majority of all greases, the thickener is a metallic soap.
When there is rise in temperature, the oil bleeds out from the thickener and functions as a lubricating agent. When the temperature drops again, the thickener soaks up the oil again to become semi-solid once more.
Oil and grease are used in different places because of their physical state. Oil  is in liquid state in room temperature where as grease are in solid state because of thickener. Grease is more able to keep its shape and does not follow the shape of the container.
Oil and grease both are derived naturally and as well synthetically. For lubrication purpose oil are usually derived from animal fat, plants, crude oil residue etc. Grease are derived by mixing of different minerals and thickener depending on the condition of use . The common types of grease in use for rolling contact bearings are the calcium, sodium and lithium greases.
Uses of oil and grease:-
Oil is more versatile and used in a variety of different ways. They could be used anywhere from lubricating your car engine to frying your food, styling your hair and even help relax and soothe your body.
Grease is usually used in machineries, tools and equipment which require minimal shifting of the lubrication to occur. They are also used to lubricate certain materials that would otherwise have a corrosive reaction when oil is used on them such as rubber, which is why grease is often used in many laboratories. Grease is also used to lubricate machine parts, tools and equipment that are subjected to high temperatures.
Difference between Oil and Grease(oil vs grease):-
1.Both oil and grease are generally used by people to lubricate machine parts, tools and equipments that are used every day.
2.Oil is extracted from animal fat, plant or crude oils. Grease is made up by mixing oil and thickener agent.
3.Oil are in liquid state where as Grease are in semi solid state.
4.Grease are not affected by extreme temperatures, so they are commonly used in tools, machines and equipments. Oil, in room temperature, is liquid  when subjected to extremely low temperatures, and tends to evaporate when subjected to extremely high temperatures. Oil is used by people in cooking, personal grooming, lubrication and so much more.